Cyborgs - Science Fiction to Scientific Reality

The year is 2021, two decades after the attacks of 9/11. A group of terrorists are sitting at an outdoor café to discuss their plans. A cat watches from about 5 meters away. Images are transmitted from his brain provides real-time information. At the same time, a small beetle go unnoticed because it takes a position below the table. E 'with a listening device that transmits nano-content of the discussion so that the terrorists in real time. A few minutes later, a pair of pigeons around the country and begin to peck the crumbs. In doing so gradually closer to the table. A few minutes later, each pigeon wing lift distribution of a poisoned dart. Before the terrorists could react, all of them died. Elsewhere in the world, a soldier who lost his arms and legs in combat, through perseverance and the use of bionic limbs wins a triathlon. In the process, which overcomes death with natural limbs. Sound far-fetched? No more! Cyborgs - part machine, part organic body that can be used for scientific, medical, military / intelligence / law enforcement purposes, have become reality thanks to scientific and technological advances that have both the promise (for example the possibility of significant medical discoveries to restore and enhance quality of life and prolong life itself) and trepidation (machine and organism, such as merges, delineating the boundary of life becomes blurred impact rights, while controlling the ability of thought and action human becomes frighteningly real.) The term "cyborg" was coined by NASA scientists Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline in 1960, when it comes to the hypothetical benefits of human-machine space. Even if he tries to cybernetic organisms has become the realm of science fiction, the efforts to create real cyborg begins even before the term was conceived and continue until today. · In 1950, Jose Delgado of Yale University placed electrodes on the brain of a bull to gain control of oil on his movements. Has successfully removed this control demonstrated in Cordoba, Spain in 1963, when he was in the path of a charging bull cyborg and drove away at the last minute. · The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has attempted to create his own cyborg in 1961 in Operation Acoustic Kitty, # in which a cat was cut open and a set of cables (one for each overwrite examined sensations such as hunger) and a listening device that is used as an antenna to its tail. The project was disbanded as a failure in 1967, when the cat on his first mission (to intercept the Soviet compound in Washington, DC) was killed by a taxi on the move to send more than five years of intensive training and $ 15 million the drain.Afterwards, cyborg research remained dormant until 1980, taking steam a decade later. At this point, science and technology have made considerable progress, especially with the miniaturization of devices and technology is further developed and refined components.As cybernetics, the perfect synthesis of artificial and organic parts is likely to become widespread that require modification of basic definitions of life and its associated rights, the creation of international protocols and apply the adjustment of perceptions in the mind. Cybernetic technology can have three main applications: Military / Intelligence / Law Enforcement: first efforts involving animal experiments were mainly aimed at the military / intelligence / law control applications. Some of the important experiments are listed below: · In an article by Bill Christensen Technovelgy.com (Jack in the brain of a cat), scientists have produced a video of a moving scene recognizable as seen through the eyes of a cat 1999. This was accomplished through the use of electrodes that recorded and cataloged in the answers while the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and 177 selected brain cells of a sharp-eyed cat. Although the images were not as sharp as those seen by human eyes and recorded by video cameras, the technology continues to improve. (A moral concern) adjustments near future is likely to improve the quality and clarity of vision and cats felines selected for surveillance operations can also have their eyes replaced with cybernetic devices equipped with miniature cameras natural. · In 2002, a team led by John Chapin at the State University of New York (SUNY) mice created by implanting electrodes in their brains cyborg. Were then trained to move in dance according to the pulses supplied by electrodes and search for specific scents (eg human, explosives, explodes dye, etc.). When the test, each rat was fitted with a camera small cyborg to provide an indication of success of the mission. The rats were then successfully led to a specific location by radio-frequency controlled. Subsequently, plants were shut down and as soon as they realized the rats were free of their control, they went into a way of sniffing and successfully identified the source of an odor target. The trial lasted only a few minutes and was successfully repeated in additional tests. · In 2005, a team of scientists led by Su Xuecheng at the Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China, successfully controlled the flight pigeon (direction and up / down) via the wireless signal is transmitted to electrodes implanted on their brains by a laptop computer. Similarly, in 2006, Jelle Atema of Boston University controlled directional motion of a shark spring (a small type of shark) via a neural implant that stimulated the olfactory area to the left or right of its light brain.In to seek successful, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA), the latter which was dissolved, which have made significant progress. The last phase of the efforts of the DOD - the development of hybrid insect-Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (HI-MEMS) - is focused on "small" (to create cyborg inconspicuous) and confidence on the flight of insects, which is unmatched on agility. The experiments were conducted on beetles, flies and 2008 moths.Since different stages have been completed: • Tobacco Horn worms with miniature electronic systems survived and grew into adult moths Manduca without complications. X-ray revealed the 2008 micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) conference in Tucson, Arizona has shown a good growth of tissue around implanted probes that had been where abdominal segments would grow during the larval stage, after a part of their chest was removed to make room for plants. Hookworms fitted with cybernetic devices showed no signs of complications or adverse deficit of rejection during metamorphosis. · A video, created at the Boyce Thompson Institute in Ithaca, New York, documenting effective control of the moth flight was well shown during the 2008 MEMS Conference. Moth movement was controlled by a series of 5-volt shock that have stimulated the muscles of the wings delivered through a lead wire. Uniform deterministic stimuli extracted wing resulting speed up / down while stimuli applied to the muscles of the wings on one side or the other extract deterministic direction. · A process similar to that used by a team of researchers led by Michel Maharbiz the University of California (UNC) Berkeley is managed by Green June Beetles. Negative (transmitted by wire on a leash) activated by neural impulses wings of beetles, plants, resulting in pulses of positive slope and stopped their movement of the resulting drop-down. Lift and drop-down have been controlled by rapidly switching between the two types of pulses. In Sametime, the directional control of beetle flight was achieved in two ways: - using an LED mounted in front of their eyes and impulses to a muscle of his left or right basilar · The same team of Berkeley UNC presented a wireless system that successfully controlled. Rhinoceros Beetle flight during the MEMS 2009 conference held in Sorrento, Italy.The current goal of research funded by DoD is to create cyborg insects that can be remotely controlled by at least 100 meters, direct to land within a maximum of 5 meters from a target subject, and remain there until directed to leave. When this command is successful (overcoming barriers proved as strong winds), can be implanted miniature cameras for surveillance, sensors to detect biological, chemical, or radiological agents, and small arms (using powerful poisons and hallucinogenic drugs) to attack targets.Medical potential: The second main application of cybernetic research is to develop technology for restoring or improving human medical capacity (for example, the vision - limited with regard to the distance, and the display of small objects, etc.; communication - limited to speech and writing) in 2002, Kevin. Warwick, one of the leading experts on cyber technology has made man the world's first cyborg (documented in I, Cyborg, University of Illinois Press, Chicago, IL, 2004) in an effort to facilitate research aimed at these objectives. A 3 mm square silicon layer with 100 electrodes were implanted in his wrist to allow scientists to interpret the neural signals arising from the movement and sensation in the hope of providing innovative technology paralyzed.Cybernetic is, as a minimum, a medical point of view, is directed to different areas. A summary of progress and future aspirations for these areas is listed below: Sight · In February 2007, Gingersnap, a 4-year-old Abyssinian cat is suffering from a condition similar to retinitis pigmentosa (an incurable genetic disease that attacks the photoreceptor cells of the eye leading to blindness) was implanted with 2 mm at the level of artificial silicon retina (ASR) Chips (each covered by 5,000 micro photodiodes that react to light. When these micro-photodiodes react, electrical signals are sent through the nerve Optical eye to the brain allowing you to detect light pulse) produced by Optobionics to preserve his vision. As technology improves, more probably be able to transmit data to enable the brain to decipher complete images. · Comments retinal implants are currently in use to combat macular degeneration (a disorder that results in loss of vision in the macula in the center of the eye, which makes it difficult to see the fine details) · Contact lenses referred to as "I Contact "that interface with a computer mouse, # in which the eye movement controls the movement of the cursor, have been developed to help the disabled. Comments · Researchers at the University of Washington, having developed contact lenses with electronic circuits and red LEDs that are working on lenses (at the end to be powered by human neural electrical activity) that could one day provide tele / microscopic vision, allowing people to view the infrared part of the spectrum, take pictures, shoot video, and even superimpose images accessible from the Internet via WiFi.Hearing: · More than 100 000 people who are profoundly deaf are now using a bionic ear (cochlear implants, which are based on a direct neural connection) that stimulates the nerves in the inner-ear hearing to understand speech and other sounds. Research is currently focused on allowing users to distinguish between speech of cochlear implant and other background sounds.Mind-Controlled Mobility: Although research · To provide mobility and the possibility for quadriplegics (which constitute approximately 1.25 million population) to operate major appliances tested as a television and computer is silent in his poor childhood, significant progress is being made.o In 2008 a monkey successfully moved a robot via neural implants. In another example, a rhesus monkey (Idoya) located in North Carolina managed a robot through thought alone in Japan as part of the Computational Brain Project, led by Miguel AL Nicolelis neuro-scientist with researchers at Duke University Medical Center and the Japan Science and Technology Agency.o Researchers at Osaka University in Japan, are currently working with four human subjects tested, each of which had a sheet of electrodes placed directly on their brain that can deterministically Sole mine brainwave activity associated with the arm, elbow, and finger movements to discern activity intended to allow the movement of the mind-controlled future prosthesis. Currently, researchers can extract deterministic activities provided greater than 80% activity.o In Sametime, European scientists have created a non-intrusive brain-computer interface (BCI) (although still under research and development), which uses the brain human activities and integrated plans for the AI ​​to operate devices (eg computers, wheelchairs, artificial limbs). BCIS finally afford to quadriplegics and mobility skills, once unimaginable.Cybernetic Arts: · The synthetic shares are routinely used for hip and knee. Regarding the latter, a new knee design (currently in limited distribution in the United States and the United States) that is synchronized with the natural leg movement of a user is so effective that its recipients can easily climb, climb stairs and even engage in extreme sports. · In poor, nicknamed the "Luke arm" of the character of Luke Skywalker in Star Wars, which was developed # in which the movement can be controlled by the nerves, muscles and Bluetooth ® enabled shoe pads that allow users with no arms to eat, pick up small objects and use their prosthetic arms and hands in the same way people use natural weapons and hands. · An Australian woman has been endowed in 2009 with the world's first fully functioning artificial finger can curl and grip like a finger through the use of natural nerve endings. · Research is underway to find a way to metal bone graft can be grown Sun that the skin around it by creating combinations of synthetic / organic parti.Gli · The efforts made to provide prosthetic devices, artificial intelligence # in which micro-implants in muscles and nerves will allow users to move their limbs again Just thought (in line with human control of natural limb) cardiac treatment:. · Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD) are currently in use by patients while they have some heart function, require artificial assistance to sustain their lives. · Comments artificial hearts were developed with the CardioWest temporary Total Artificial Heart (TAH t) AbioCor Replacement Heart, and having been approved for human use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, research and development is underway for a permanent fixture. Currently, artificial hearts have been used on a genetic basis temporary manifestation (up to a donor heart was found), with few exceptions. In one exception research, a patient survived 512 days with AbioCor device.Alzheimer 's Disease / Parkinson's and epilepsy: · By the BBC (August 13, 2008), researchers (in 2008) at the University of Reading , Reading, UK has created a multi-electrode is composed of neurons about 300 000 matrix extracted from a fetal rat to control the robotic movement. The cells, kept separate from the robot in a container at controlled temperature (filled with a solution of broth pink) equipped with electrodes communicated via Bluetooth ® short-wave radio. The objective is to obtain a better understanding of neurons with the hope of discovering effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (both debilitating neurological disorders, Alzheimer's disease negatively impacts the memory, while Parkinson's disease is characterized by muscle rigidity, tremors, slowed physical movement and language disorders. and involuntary functions), and epilepsy (a common neurological disorder characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures) Robotics / Computer Technology: the future of robots and computers can use the living and nonliving components equal. Potentially, this could be very problematic if the search technology is applied in a malicious or unethical as it could lead to a new generation of slaves. Consequently, international protocols (including those relating to the ethical treatment of animals) and other safeguards will be needed to address those problems evolves.In cybernetic technology meantime, a team of scientists led by Charles Higgins of the University of Arizona in Tucson is seeking to transform insects in "high-level sensory robotic controllers [from] vision (which is expensive) [currently] can not beat the living systems, which are refined to recognize objects or detect the motion" [1] At the same time, scientists at the 'IBM Almaden Research Center and the California Institute of Technology are currently developing a new generation of microprocessors that use DNA to live with the objective of creating devices.Conclusion smaller, faster and less expensive: cyborgs, once relegated to science fiction Provide scientific realities have become vast military / intelligence / law enforcement, medical, and technological perspectives. If cybernetic technology is used ethically and benevolently in which the human mind remains the primary driver in place of mind control imposed, will open new windows of opportunity - providing greater freedom and better standards of life, trapped in their own bodies quadriplegics , the blind, imprisoned in a dark world of the deaf confined in a prison of silence, and people with age or injury, you will need spare parts and synthetic seamlessly consumed or destroyed. It will also expand human capabilities with regard to the speed, the view, communication, and the resistance. Finally, when you look for technology gains widespread acceptance and use, it is likely that most of the human race will be cyborgs, but not as expected by science fiction._________ [1] The cyborg animal spies hatching in the laboratory of New Scientist. March 6 Sources 2008.Additional: Amanda O'Brien. A giant leap for robokind: computer arts. The Australian. 2009.Cyborg 15 August Spies. Discovery.com. February 13, 2009. August 29, 2009. blogs.discovery.com/good.idea/2009/02/cyborg-insect-spies.html [EXTRACT] E 'is the year 2021 two decades after the attacks of 9/11. A group of terrorists in a cafe, sitting on their plans. A cat watching from about 5 meters. The images are transferred from his brain provision of information in real time. At the same time, a small beetle unnoticed as they are in position under the table. It is equipped with a nano-listening device that transmits the contents of the conversation terrorist in real time. A few minutes later, a few pigeons land nearby and started to peck the crumbs. As they do, inches closer to the table. A few minutes later, everyone raises a wing dove release of a poisoned arrow. React before the terrorists are all dead. Elsewhere in the world wins, a soldier who lost his arms and legs in combat, for the perseverance and the use of bionic limbs a triathlon. Improve or death with natural limbs. Sounds far-fetched? No more! Cyborgs - half a biological machine, body part, the scientific, medical, military / intelligence / law enforcement purposes may be used are now possible thanks to scientific and technological progress, and opportunities (such as the possibility of significant innovations care to restore and improve the quality of life and life span) and add fear (for example, as a machine and organism, blurring the line of life which affect the rights attached, while the ability to control human thought and the action is incredibly real). The term "cyborg" was coined by Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline NASA scientists in 1960 to discuss the hypothetical benefits of human-machine in the room. Although these cybernetic organisms was the realm of science fiction, the effort began to create real cyborg, even before the term was conceived and continues to this day. · In 1950, Jose Delgado of Yale University placed electrodes in the brain of a bull to get control of its raw movements. He has successfully demonstrated that the control in Cordoba, Spain in 1963, when he was on the road by a bull cyborg shop and chased him away at the last minute. · The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has tried to create his own cyborg in 1961 Operation Acoustic Kitty, in which a cat was slit and a series of wires (one exception to feelings of hunger) and listening devices, the tail as an antenna used. The project was disbanded as a failure in 1967, when the cat (listen Soviet connection in Washington, DC) on his first mission out of a cab on the move to send more than five years of intensive training and $ 15 million down the drain. He was later killed, remained inactive until the search cyborg late 1980, a decade later to drive. Will significantly at this time, science and technology, especially in the miniaturization of devices and components.As cybernetic technology developed and refined, is a perfect synthesis of organic and synthetic parts chances are that a change in the basic definitions of life on a broad and related rights, the creation of international protocols and an adjustment of perceptions thought. Cybernetic technology will probably have three main applications: Military / Intelligence / Law Enforcement: The first steps taken with the animal experiments were aimed primarily at military / intelligence / law control applications. Some of the most important experiments are listed below: · In an article by Bill Christensen Technovelgy.com (Jack in a cat brain) scientists have produced a video of a moving scene recognizable, as seen through the eyes of a cat in 1999. This was accomplished through the use of electrodes simultaneously recorded and cataloged the responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and reaches 177 brain cells selected by a watchful cat. Although the images were not as sharp as those seen by human eyes and recorded by video cameras to keep improving the technology. In the near future, probably adaptations clarity and quality of cats and dogs vision for surveillance operations have even chosen to enhance their natural eyes with cybernetic device with mini-cameras (moral concern) replaced equipped. · In 2002, a team led by John Chapin at the State University of New York (SUNY) created cyborg rat by implanting electrodes in the brain. Subsequently, they were trained to move in accordance with pulses supplied through the electrodes and for certain odors (eg, human explodes, dyeing explosives, etc.) for the search. In considering each rat was fitted with cyborg with a tiny camera, to provide evidence of the success of the mission. The rats were then correctly is brought to a certain position on the radio-controlled pulses. Subsequently, plants were closed as soon as the rats and set them free from their control, they went to a way of sniffing and successfully identified the source of an odor target. The trial lasted only a few minutes and was successfully repeated in additional tests. · In 2005, a team of scientists on Xuecheng at Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China, led the successful controlled flight dove sent (direction and angle / slope) via a wireless signal to an electrode implanted in the brain laptops . In 2006, Jelle Atema Boston University controlled by the movement forward of a shark spring (a small species of shark) via a neural implant to the olfactory area to the left or right of its brain.In Given this success, the Department of Defense stimulated (DoD) and U.S. Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA), the latter having been resolved, significant progress has been made. The last phase of the efforts of the Ministry of Defence - the development of hybrid insects Micro-electro mechanical (HI-MEMS) - based on "small" (to create cyborg discrete) and the dependence of the flight of insects, which is unsurpassed in terms of mobility aligned. Experiments on beetles, flies and 2008, the stages were performed moths.Since reached: · Tobacco caterpillar survivors with miniature electronic equipment and grew to become adult Manduca moths without complications. X-rays revealed the 2008 Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS), the conference took place in Tucson, has recorded a good growth of tissue probes to Arizona that had been planted, where abdominal segments would have increased the larval stage, after a part of her breast was removed to make room for plants. Hookworms was built with cybernetic devices without signs of complications or rejection of the negative interference during metamorphosis. · A video at the Boyce Thompson Institute in Ithaca, New York, documenting the effective control of the moth flight has been demonstrated also created in 2008 MEMS Conference. Moth movement was a series of 5-volt shock, which stimulates the wings connected by wires muscles controlled provided. Uniform stimuli determines the speed of the wing what about ascent / descent, while the muscles of the wings stimuli on one side or the other direction is applied. · A similar process of a team of researchers from Michel Maharbiz led the University of California (UNC) Berkeley used successfully with Green June Beetle. Negative pulses from neural systems (tied transmitted via cable) that allowed the increase in beetle wings, positive impulses were moving their wings will be reduced. Lifting and lowering are controlled by rapidly switching between the two types of pulses. At the same time was the direction of flight control beetles obtained in two ways - by an LED mounted in front of their eyes, and is encouraging the muscles to the left or right · The same basic UNC-Berkeley group presented a wireless system, which is failed to control. Rhinoceros beetle in flight MEMS 2009 Conference held in Sorrento, is Italy.The goal of the DoD-funded research on insect cyborgs, remote control of at least 100 meters away can be taught to less than 5 meters from one country to create the chosen subject , and remain there until directed to leave. If this is the mastery with success (overcoming strong wind), miniature surveillance cameras can be implanted sensors to detect biological, chemical, or radiological agents, and small arms (using dangerous poisons and hallucinogens), to identify potential targets. Medical attack: The second important application of cybernetic research is to develop technologies for the recovery doctor or improve human capacities (for example, the vision - in terms of distance, angle of view of objects and small, etc. is limited, the communication - written and limited to letters) in 2002, Kevin. Warwick, a leading authority on cybernetic technology, the first human cyborg in the world (documented in I, Cyborg, University of Illinois Press, Chicago, IL, 2004) in a research effort aimed at those goals easier. A 3 mm-wide silicon area with 100 electrodes implanted in the wrist, to allow scientists to nerve signals, which is in motion and sensation, in the hope of providing openings for technology paralyzed.Cybernetic, to interpret a minimum of medical point of view, which focused on different areas. A summary of progress and future objectives for these areas is listed below: Sight · In February 2007, Gingersnap, a 4 years old, suffers from a condition similar to the Abyssinian cat as retinitis pigmentosa (an incurable genetic disease that leads the ' eye to the photoreceptor cells attached blindness) was mixed with 2 mm at the level of artificial retina silicon (ASR) Chips (implanted respectively from 5,000 micro photodiodes that respond covered in light. If these micro-photodiodes respond, sending electrical signals through the eye, the optic nerve to the brain to detect light pulses) Optobionics be done to preserve their vision. As technology improved, more data can be transferred is probably able to decipher the brain, complete images. · Comments retinal implants are currently being used for macular degeneration (a disease, loss of vision in the macula at the center of the eye combat situation that is difficult to see details) makes. · Contact lenses called "I touch" that the interface with a computer mouse in eye movement control cursor movement, have been developed to assist people with disabilities. Comments · Researchers at the University of Washington, the development of contact lenses with electronic circuits and red LEDs (included in the final analysis, human neuronal electrical activity) on the lenses, which one day tele / microscopic vision that allow people to come to work in the infrared range of the spectrum, do you take pictures, videos, and even superimpose images from the Internet accessible through WiFi.Hearing: · More than 100,000 people who are deaf you are using a bionic ear (cochlear implants, which are based over a direct neural), stimulates the auditory nerve in the inner ear to understand speech and other sounds. Current studies focus on cochlear implant allows users to switch between language and other background sounds.Mind controlled mobility to differentiate focused: · Even if the research to provide the mobility and the possibility for quadriplegics (ie up to about 1, 25 million population) to use large appliances such as televisions and computers is still in its infancy, made.o significant progress in 2008, a monkey successfully moved a robot arm using neural implants. In another case, perform a rhesus monkey (Idoya) in North Carolina, a robot through thought alone in Japan as part of the Computational Brain Project by neuroscientist Miguel AL Nicolelis of Duke University Medical Center researchers and Japan Science and Technology has Agency.o led researchers at Osaka University in Japan, are currently working with four human volunteers, each of which places a sheet of electrodes directly on her brain has enabled them to detect the brain wave activity with the arm, elbow , fingers and movement activities intended, respectively, to determine to allow the controlled movement of the thinking of the prosthesis future. Currently, researchers can determine the proposed activity, with more than 80% activity.o same time, European scientists themselves have a non-intrusive brain-computer interface (BCI) (although still under research and development ), the human brain has created the task and uses artificial intelligence to operate embedded devices (eg computers, wheelchairs, artificial limbs). BCIS will eventually make mobility skills and quadriplegics, once unimaginable.Cybernetic Arts: • The plastic parts are usually used for hip and knee. Regarding the latter, a newly developed knee (currently in limited release in the U.S. and the Netherlands), synchronizes the movement of natural leg of a user is so effective that the recipient can just get up, climb stairs and even carry extreme sports. · An arm, called the "Luke arm" after he developed the character Luke Skywalker in Star Wars, in which the movement of the nerves, muscles and Bluetooth ® pad shoes allow you to eat without arms, and take small objects can be controlled prosthetic arms and hands in the same way people use natural weapons and hands. · An Australian woman was in 2009 with the launch of the first fully functioning artificial finger to the world and can handle a finger naturally through the use of nerve endings provided. · Research is underway to find a way to graft bone to the metal, so that the skin to make it a combination of plastic / biological components can be grown. · There are also efforts to implant artificial intelligence in micro-systems in the muscles and nerves users to move their limbs new thought (in line with human control of natural limb) is dealing with the heart. · Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD) are currently in use by patients, even if they have some heart function, require technical support to get his life straight. · Comments with CardioWest artificial hearts have been temporary Total Artificial Heart (TAH-t) and AbioCor Replacement Heart Once approved for human use developed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, research and development is underway for a permanent implant. Currently, artificial hearts have been usually used for a limited period of time (it has been found until a donor heart), with few exceptions. In such an exception, a patient survived 512 days with the illness of an AbioCor device.Alzheimer 's /'s disease and epilepsy: · for the BBC (August 13, 2008), researchers (in 2008) at the University of Reading , Reading, UK has created a multi-electrode array that consists of about 300,000 nerve cells of a fetal rat be extracted to control the movement of the robot. The cells, separated by the robot in a container at controlled temperature (filled with a solution of broth pink) equipped with electrodes communicated via Bluetooth ® short waves. The objective is to provide a better understanding of neurons with the hope of obtaining effective treatments for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease (both debilitating neurological diseases, slows the memory of Alzheimer's negative impact, while Parkinson's disease is characterized by muscle rigidity, tremor, physical activity and impaired language development and involuntary functions) and epilepsy (a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures) Robotics / computer technology. future robots and computers, probably living and nonliving components is to use. Perhaps this could be very problematic if the technology is used in a malicious or unethical, because it could lead to a new generation of slaves. Consequently, international protocols (also with regard to the ethical treatment of animals), and other protective provisions to these problems is the cybernetic technology can address evolves.In Meanwhile, a team of scientists led by Charles Higgins of the University of Arizona Research in Tucson led to transform insects [1] "High-level robot sensory control [by] vision (which is expensive) [currently] not beat the living systems, the ground to locate objects or to recognize the movement" In same time, time, scientists at the IBM Almaden Research Center and the California Institute of Technology are currently developing a new generation of microprocessors to use DNA to live with the objective to create smaller, faster and cheaper devices.Conclusion : cyborgs, once science fiction has become scientific reality relegated offers huge military / intelligence / police, medical and technological perspectives. If cybernetic technology is benevolent and ethically, where the human mind remains the primary driver rather than imposed mind control used, will open up new opportunities - more freedom and better standards of life, quadriplegic in his body is trapped in the Blind world of darkness imprisoned, confined to the deaf in a prison of silence, and for people with age or injury, no synthetic replacement parts for those who need to be worn out or destroyed. It will also expand human capabilities in terms of speed, vision, communication and perseverance. Finally, if this technology is gaining wide acceptance and use, it is likely that most of the human race will be cyborg, although not presented in the way of science fiction._________ [1] The animal hatch cyborg lights in the laboratory. New Scientist. March 6 Sources 2008.Additional: Amanda O'Brien. A big step for robokind: Cyber-arts. The Australian. 2009.Cyborg 15 August Spies. Discovery.com. February 13, 2009. August 29, 2009. blogs.discovery.com/good.idea/2009/02/cyborg-insect-spies.html